一、基本概况
课程名称:植保专业英语(Professional English for Plant Protection)
课程代码:231080038
课程类别:拓展教育
学时/学分:34/2(理论34学时,实验0学时)
需预修课程:普通昆虫学、植物病理学、植物化学保护
适用专业:适用植物保护、动植物检疫专业的本科教学
课程简介:
本门课程主要侧重介绍植物保护的基础知识,包括植物病原真菌、细菌、线虫、病毒以;昆虫的种类和形态、繁殖方式和传播方式、危害特点、防治方法;农药毒理、农药残留、环境安全与人类健康。本课程旨在使植物保护专业学生能够熟练阅读和理解专业英文文献、资料和书籍,以掌握国外本专业领域的发展前沿,并具备应用英语从事科研活动及进行科技交流的能力。
二、教学目标
学生通过本课程的学习,在知识和能力等方面达到以下要求:
1.理论、知识目标:通过英语讲授及幻灯教学相结合的方法,要求学生掌握植物病理学、昆虫学、农药学、杂草控制、综合防治等植物保护方面专业英语词汇、句法、修辞、特点;
2.能力目标:培养学生专业英语翻译能力、阅读理解文献能力、科技英文写作能力、科技英文交流能力以及科技英文文献检索能力。
3.达成目标:本课程主要与专业人才培养方案中毕业要求的第8条相对应,本课程对应人才培养方案中毕业要求的专业知识、专业技能、协作能力和创新性思维,全面培养植物保护专业学生专业英语的听、说、读、写、译等各方面能力
三、教学内容及教学要求
第一章专业英语概述(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. 词汇:构词方式多样,专业技术词汇出现频率低、词义专一,多源于希腊语和拉丁语,涉及领域广;
2. 句法特点:被动语态广泛使用,长句较多,大量使用名词化结构和非谓语动词形式;
3. 修辞:时态应用有限,修辞手法比较简单,普遍使用逻辑性语法词。
教学要求:
掌握专业英语词汇、句法、修辞的原则和规律。
本章重点、难点:专业词汇构词的派生法、合成法、混成法、缩略法;专业词汇的出现频率低、词义专一;植物保护专业英语涉及化学、物理、遗传学、分子生物学等学科知识和科技词汇;被动语态、长句及名词化结构非谓语动词形式的应用。
第二章 专业英语翻译(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. 翻译标准:信,达,雅;
2. 词语翻译:词义的选择,词义的引申与增减;
3. 句子的翻译:被动语态的翻译,否定句的翻译,长句的翻译。
教学要求:
掌握专业英语的翻译标准,熟练应用词语翻译方法,熟练应用句子不同情况的翻译方法。
本章重点、难点:词义翻译的选择、引申与增减;被动语态句子译成主动句、译成无主句、译成被动句;否定句中的全部否定、部分否定和双重否定;长句翻译的主从句区分。
第三章 Plant Disease and Plant Disease Epidemiology(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Introduction;
2. Plant Pathology;
3. Plant pathology is an integrative science and profession.
教学要求:
掌握专业英语的翻译标准,熟练应用词语翻译方法,熟练应用句子不同情况的翻译方法。
本章重点、难点:词义翻译的选择、引申与增减;被动语态句子译成主动句、译成无主句、译成被动句;否定句中的全部否定、部分否定和双重否定;长句翻译的主从句区分。
第四章 Classification of Plant Diseases(讲课2学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Infectious, or biotic, plant diseases;
(1) Diseases caused by fungi;
(2) Diseases caused by prokaryotes (bacteria and mycoplasmas);
(3) Diseases caused by parasitic higher plants;
(4) Diseases caused by viruses and viroids;
(5) Diseases caused by nematodes;
(6) Diseases caused by protozoa;
2. Noninfectious, or abiotic, diseases are diseases caused by:
(1) Too low or too high a temperature;
(2) Lack or excess of soil moisture;
(3) Lack or excess of light;
(4) Lack of oxygen;
(5) Air pollution;
(6) Nutrient deficiencies;
(7) Mineral toxicities;
(8) Soil acidity or alkalinity;
(9) Toxicity of pesticides;
(10) Improper cultural.
教学要求:
1. Infectious, or biotic, plant diseases;
2. Noninfectious, or abiotic, diseases.
本章重点、难点:
1. What are the infectious disease?
2. What are the noninfectious disease?
第五章 Plant Diseases Caused by Fungi(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Fungal morphology;
2. Fungal definition;
3. Reproduction(sexual and asexual reproduction);
4. Homothallic, heterothallic ,hermaphroditic fungi;
5. Deuteromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes, mastigomycetes.
教学要求:
1. Fungal definition;
2. Reproduction (sexual and asexual reproduction);
3. Homothallic, heterothallic, hermaphroditic fungi;
4. Deuteromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes, mastigomycetes.
本章重点、难点:
1. Fungal definition;
2. Reproduction (sexual and asexual reproduction);
3. Homothallic, heterothallic, hermaphroditic fungi.
第六章 Plant Diseases Caused by Prokaryotes(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Introduction to prokaryotes;
2. Classification of prokaryotes;
3. Kingdom: Prokaryote: Organisms with genetic material (DNA) not organized into a nucleus, i.e., not surrounded by a membrane. Bacteria: Have cell membrane and cell wall.PartI: Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci.PartII: Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods.PartIII: Irregular, Gram-positive, nonsporingrods.PartIV: Actinomycetes: Bacteria forming branching filaments.PartV: Mollicutes: Prokaryotes that have a cell membrane but no cell wall.
4. Plant diseases caused by bacteria;
5. Morphology;
6. Plant diseases caused by mycoplamalike organisms.
教学要求:
1. Mycoplasmalike organisms(MLO), rickettsialike organisms, spiroplasma;
2. Morphology of prokaryotes;
3. Diseases caused by prokaryotes;
4. Classification of prokaryotes.
本章重点、难点:
1. How many genera is prokaryotes classified?
2. Can prokaryotes be cultured?
第七章 Plant Diseases Caused by Viruses(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Introduction to viruses;
2. Constituents of virus;
3. Disrupting action of virus to host cell;
4. Characteristics of plant viruses;
5. Detection;
6. Satellite viruses, viroids, virusoids, and satellite RNAs;
7. Specific crop diseases by viruses.
教学要求:
1. Morphology of virus;
2. Multiplication;
3. Classification;
4. Detection;
本章重点、难点:
1. What shape does virus show?
2. How does virus multiply?
3. How are viruses classified?
第八章 Plant Diseases Caused by Nematodes(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Introduction;
2. Morphology;
3. Anatomy;
4. Life cycles;
5. Ecology and spread.
教学要求:
1. Esophagus, intestine, rectum, anus, stylet,oviduct, uterus, vulva, testis, seminal vesicle,intestine. copulatory spicules, hermaphroditic, or parthenogenetic.
2. All nematodes have four larval stages.
3. Family Aphelenchoididae, Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus, root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne.
本章重点、难点:
1. What stage does the nematode begin to penetrate plant?
2. What characteristics do Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus and Meloidogyne have?
第九章 Plant Disease Diagnosis - Final Diagnosis(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Plant disease diagnosis;
(1) Be able to identify a disease and disease-causing agent;
(2) Be able to narrow the problem down to several possibilities that will require further study in the laboratory before he can make a final diagnosis;
(3) Be completely baffled by the problem.
2. Final diagnosis;
(1) Hypothesis and multiple iteration;
(2) Fungal leaf spots;
(3) Bacterial leaf spots;
(4) Vein banding;
(5) Mosaic and ringspot;
(6) Leaf distortion;
(7) Powdery mildew;
(8) Presence of spores/spore structures;
(9) Leaf or needle tip death;
(10) Soil or chemical injury;
(11) Wilts;
(12) Shoot dieback(顶枯) or blights;
(13) Dying branches of trees and shrubs;
(14) Death of tree and shrub top;
(15) Overall stunting or decline;
(16) Damping-off.
教学要求:
Hypothesis, iteration, symptom(general and special), sign(pathogenic structure).
本章重点、难点:
1. How do you diagnose plant diseases?
2. Illustrate the difference between infectious and uninfectious diseases.
第十章 Rice Blast & Wheat Rusts & Cotton Verticillium Wilt& Potato Virus Disease(讲课4学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Introduction;
2. Signs and Symptoms;
3. Pathogen;
4. Host range;
5. Mechanism of Damage and Life Cycle.
教学要求:
1. Signs and Symptoms;
2. Pathogen: Classification, Genome Sequence, Database;
3. Mechanism of Damage and Life Cycle.
本章重点、难点:
1.单词与词组;
2. What are the life cycle of the pathogen?
第十一章 Introduction of Special English for Entomology(讲课2学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1.Definition of the insecta (hexapoda);
2. Insect and Man.
教学要求:
1. Thecharacteristics of arthropods;
2. The relationship between insect and man.
本章重点、难点:
Insect Stucture.
第十二章 Taxonomy of Insects(讲课2学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Nomnclature.
2. Classification.
教学要求:
Nomnclature of insects, classification of animals.
本章重点、难点:
Classification of animals
第十三章 Structure of Insect(讲课2学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Head;
2. Thorax and associated structure;
3. Abdomen and Associated structures;
4. The Integument;
教学要求:
Head;Thorax and Associated Structure ;Abdomen and Associated Structures;The Integument.
本章重点、难点:
Mouthparts modifications.
第十四章 Insect Growth(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Maturation and oviposition;
2. Postembryonic development.
教学要求:
1. Oviposition is an extremely important phase in an insect's life history;
2. The external appearance of insect eggs is extremely diverse;
3. The number of eggs produced by females of different species is extremely variable.
本章重点、难点:
Classification of insects.
第十五章 Insectand Their Environment(讲课1学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1.Definition;
2. Species diversity and numerical abundance of insects;
3. Environmental Conditions;
4. Environmental Conditions in a Crop Field.
教学要求:
1. Definition of ecology;
2. Physicochemical factors;
3. Biotic factors;
4. Food factors;
5. Intraspecific factors;
6. Interspecific factors;
7. Life processes of insects.
本章重点难点:
Exercise 5:Insect pests management.
第十六章 Pest Management(讲课2学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Introduction;
2. Bological control;
3. Cultural control;
4. Chemical control;
5. Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
教学要求:
1. Entry into previously uninhabited regions;
2. Changes in and insect are biology;
3. Extensive monocultures of crop plants;
4. Advantages of biological control;
5. Problems of biological control.
本章重点难点:
Exercise 6:The Strategy of insect Pest Management.
第十七章 Chemical Pesticides and Natural Pesticides(讲课2学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Chemistry of pesticides;
2. Chemical classes of insecticides;
3. Bio-pesticides;
4. Botanical pesticides.
教学要求:
1. Bio-pesticides
2. Botanical pesticides
本章重点、难点:
1. Natural pesticides; Bio-pesticides.
第十八章 Toxicology of Pesticide (讲课2学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Cholinesterases;
2. The mode of action of glyphosate;
3. Experimental design of bioassays;
4. Resistance to pesticides.
教学要求:
1. Chemical classes of pesticide;
2. Mechanism of pesticide;
3. Bioassays methods.
本章重点、难点:
1. Mechanism of pesticide;
2. Bioassays methods.
第十九章 Pesticide Residues(讲课3学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Formulations and application of pesticide;
2. Pesticide residues in food and international trade;
3. Analytical methods of the pesticide residues.
教学要求:
1. Delivery of pesticides in agriculture and pesticide management in China;
2. Analysis method of the pesticide residues.
本章重点、难点:
1. Methods of the pesticide residues analysis.
第二十章 Pesticide Environment Safety and Human Health (讲课3学时;实验0学时)
教学内容:
1. Environmental fate of pesticides;
2. How and why pesticides affect human health.
教学要求:
1. Environmental fate of pesticides;
2. Pesticide safety evaluation.
本章重点、难点:
1. Environmental fate of pesticides;
2. Methods of pesticide safety evaluation.
四、考核方式及成绩评定
本课程的成绩将由平时成绩(考勤、课堂提问)、作业和期末考试成绩三部分组成,其中平时成绩占50%、考试成绩占50%;期末考试采用闭卷笔试。
五、教材及参考书目
教材:《植物保护专业英语》,朱家颖主编,中国林业出版社,2012年,标准书号:ISBN978-7-5038-6508-4。
参考书目:
1.《植物保护专业英语》,何月秋、尹新明主编,中国农业出版社,2008年,标准书号:ISBN 978-7-109-12032-7。
2.《植物保护专业英语教程》,程立生、蔡笃程主编,中国农业出版社,2012年,标准书号:ISBN 978-7-109-16460-4。
3.《农药专业英语》,骆焱平、符悦冠主编,化学工业出版社,2009 年,标准书号:ISBN 978-7-122-04413-6。